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Superintendent is the head of an administrative division of a Protestant church, largely historical but still in use in Germany. It replaced the title of bishop in Northern Germany and Scandinavia after the Protestant Reformation, since ''bishop'' was associated with Roman Catholicism. Later, the title was adopted to describe clerical positions in the hierarchy of Methodist churches. == Superintendents in Sweden == Superintendents were created in Sweden after the Protestant Reformation. The office was similar to that of bishop, but instead of being ordained by the archbishop, the superintendent was appointed by the Crown. This new model of ecclesiastical polity was partly political, as the Roman Catholic bishops before the Reformation held considerable political power and often used it against the king. Superintendents' loyalty was supposed to lie with the head of the new Church of Sweden, the monarch. Some Lutheran theologians also considered the term less Catholic and therefore preferable to 'bishop'. In Sweden proper, the following dioceses have been governed by a superintendent: * Diocese of Kalmar (1603–1678, thereafter presided by a bishop till 1915, when merged with the diocese of Växjö. * Diocese of Göteborg (1620–1665, thereafter presided by a bishop) * Diocese of Visby (1645–1772, thereafter presided by a bishop) * Diocese of Mariestad (1583–1646, superintendent moved to Karlstad and Mariestad absorbed into the diocese of Skara) * Diocese of Karlstad (1647–1772, superintendent moved from Mariestad; presided by a bishop since 1772) * Diocese of Härnösand (1647–1772, thereafter presided by a bishop) The diocese of Lund was equally administered by superintendents from 1537 to 1637, but was at that time part of Denmark. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Superintendent (ecclesiastical)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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